1.1.9 Africa: San, Nok…

Forward to 1.2 Medieval IndexBack to 1.1.8 Americas: Nazca, Olmec… – Back to 1.1 Antiquity and Classical QUICK LINKS:SAN:Cave art NOK:Nok sculptureNok male figureFemale statueNok rider and horseCat statueNok Ancestor PortraitLyndenburg Head SAN: The San, or Bushmen, were indigenous hunter-gatherers and are among the oldest cultures on Earth. They lived in Southern Africa particularly in […]

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1.1.8 Archaic Americas (8,000 BCE – 800 CE)

Forward to 1.1.9 Africa: San, Nok…Back to 1.1.7 Eurasians/Celts (1,200 -300 BCE) QUICK LINKS:Olmec:Wooden headsWrestler figurineBaby figurineTwins with JaguarJadeite maskColossal headsShaman JaguarLehi Stone Stela 5Feathered serpent Chavin:Gold crownCarved stone headGold crown, hammeredGold pectoralFeline/Cactus stirrup vesselRaimondi StelaTenon heads Nazca: Nazca linesFemale effigyDouble-spouted water jarOrca figurineFish design bowl Other Early South America:Chinchorro death maskValdivia double-headed figurineCaral ruins […]

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1.1.7 Celts/Eurasians (1,200 BCE – )

Forward to 1.1.8 Americas Nazca Olmec…Back to 1.1.6 Indian/Sub-Continent Index QUICK LINKS:Beaker PeopleInverted bell pottery Hallstatt culture :Ceremonial axe and containerHallstaat PotteryVix Torc and Vix KraterStrettweig Cult Wagon La Tène:Battersea ShieldWandsworth ShieldMšecké Žehrovice HeadGundestrup Cauldron British Isles (except where stated:Snettisham TorqueDesborough MirrorTarasque de NovesStaffordshire Moorlands pan Bone slipsTara BroochMoylough Belt ShrineBook of KellsMuiredach’s High Cross […]

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1.1.6.3 Other Indian sub-continent (after 100 CE)

Forward to 1.1.7 Eurasians/CeltsBack to 1.1.6.2 Ancient India – Mauryan QUICK LINKS:Pakistan:Gandharan BuddhaFrieze of Buddha and a naked VajrapaniWine-drinking and music muralGandhara frieze with devoteesFemale riding a CentaurAn Ichthyo-CentaurTrojan horse in the art of GandharaSeated Buddha, Hellenistic styleBodhisattva MaitreyaBuddha triad and kneeling Kushan devotee coupleHead of a Buddha, Gupta periodLast stages of Greco-Buddhist art, Ghorband […]

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1.1.6.2 Ancient India (300 BCE – 550 CE)

Forward to 1.1.6.3 Other sub-continentBack to 1.1.6.1 Indus Valley – Harrapan QUICK LINKS: Pataliputra capitalLohanipur torsoLion Capital of Ashoka6th Pillar Edict of AshokaMauryan era StatuettesMauryan statuette Mauryan coinsThe two YakshasKandahar Edict of AshokaKatra architraveCaturvyūha ViṣhṇuTerracotta statue of Vishnu CaturananaYakshi bracket figure Mauryan dynasty, founded by Chandragupta Maurya (324-301 BCE), ruled from the 4th-2nd c BCE. […]

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1.1.6.1 Indus Valley – Harrapan/Mohenjo-daro (3,300-1,300 BCE)

Forward to 1.1.6.2 Ancient IndiaBack to 1.1.6 Indian/Sub-continent IndexBack to 1.1.5.9 Byzantines – Back to 1.1.5 Classical Period – Greece, Rome… QUICK LINKS:Clay ovoid vaseGreat bath at Mohenjo-daroVotive images – or toys?Painted pottery urnsDancing girl, Mohenjo-daroDancer statuette, Harrapa Red Jasper torso from HarrapaBearded Priest-ManTiles and sealsSeals, Mohenjo-daroShiva Pashupati seal Image source: Wikimedia commons A Bronze […]

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1.1.5.8 Persian/Sassanians (224-651 CE)

Forward to 1.1.6 India/Sub-continent IndexBack to 1.1.5.7 Roman Empire – Back to 1.1.5 Classical Period QUICK LINKS:Ardashir I and Ahura MazdaTriumph of Shapur I over ValerianColossal Statue of Shapur INaqsh-e Rustam Rock reliefs Shapur’s palace mosaicTaq-e Bostan rock reliefGilded silver horse headSimurgh silver plate The Sassanid Empire, aka the Empire of Iranians, was the last […]

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1.1.5.7 Roman Empire (27 BCE – 476 CE)

Forward to 1.1.5.8 Persian/SassaniansBack to 1.1.5.6 Roman Republic QUICK LINKS:Ara Pacis Augustae, AltarHouse of the VettiiAugustus of Prima PortaTrajan’s ColumnApollo BelvedereCentaurs Fighting Cats of PreyBust of CiceroFonseca BustEquestrian statue, Marcus AureliusColumn of Marcus AureliusDionysiac Procession, mosaic Arch of Septimus Severus, relief Chariot processionMarble portrait emperor CaracallaAsiatic Sarcophagus from SidamaraSarcophagus, myth of EndymionThe Four TetrarchsRelief from […]

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1.1.5.6 Roman Republic (509 BCE -26 CE)

Forward to 1.1.5.7 Roman EmpireBack to 1.1.5.5 Hellenistic Greece QUICK LINKS:Capoitiline WolfDoryphorosLudovici SarcophagusCapotiline BrutusDying GaulCapotiline VenusAltar of Domitius AhenobarbusVenus de MiloArrotino, the Knife GrinderThe Wrestlers Fresco Esquiline NecropolisHead of a Roman PatricianBust of Pompey the GreatVilla of Mysteries muralsBust of Emperor ClaudiusTusculum portrait of Julius CaesarCubiculum from the Villa of P. Fannius SynistorPainted Garden frescoLaocoön […]

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1.1.5.5 Hellenistic Greece (323-31 BCE)

Forward to 1.1.5.6 Roman RepublicBack to 1.1.5.4 Classical Greece QUICK LINKS:Victorious YouthColossus of RhodesWinged Victory of SamothraceRosetta Stone Altar of Zeus, Pergamon, East FriezeVenus de MiloBorghese Gladiator Hellenistic art is the art of the Hellenistic period generally taken to begin with the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC and end with the conquest […]

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1.1.5.4 Classical Greece (480-323 BCE)

Forward to 1.1.5.5 Hellenistic GreeceBack to 1.1.5.3 Etruscan Art QUICK LINKS:Siren VaseDiscobolus (Discus Thrower)Temple of Zeus Charioteer at DelphiZeus and GanymedeThe Riace WarriorsArtemision BronzeParthenon Marbles Athena the VirginCaryatids of the ErechteionHermes of PraxitelesEphebe of MarathonBust of HygeiaMotya CharioteerAphrodite of KnidorApulian red-figure AmphoraBust of Hygeia After the defeat of the Persians in 479 B.C., Athens dominated […]

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1.1.5.9 Byzantine Empire [Palaiologos dynasty] (1259-1453)

Forward to 1.1.6 Indian Sub-continent indexBack to 1.1.5.8 Sassanians/Persians QUICK LINKS:Christ PantocratorHyperpyron of Michael VIIIAndronikos II’s debasement of the currencyByzantine CrucifixMosaics and murals, Chora Church Pala D’OroMedal of the Emperor John VIII PalaiologosConstantine XI depicted in semi-classical armour The Byzantine Empire, aka the Eastern Roman Empire, or Byzantium, was the continuation of the Roman Empire […]

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1.1.5.3 Etruscan Art (900-27 BCE)

Forward to 1.1.5.4 Classical GreeceBack to 1.1.5.2 Greece Archaic Period QUICK LINKS: Sarcophagus of the SpousesTomb of the LeopardsEtruscan sculpture Putto GrazianiEtruscan Tomb PaintingsThe Orator From about 900 BCE the Iron Age Villanovan culture emerged and this is considered to be the earliest phase of the Etruscan civilization. It reached its peak of territory by 750 […]

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1.1.5.2 Greece Archaic Period (776-480 BCE)

Forward to 1.1.5.3 Etruscan ArtBack to 1.1.5.1 Macedonians QUICK LINKS: Dipylon OenochoeLady of the AuxerreSacred Gate KourosKleobis and Biton MoschophorusPeplos KoreRed-figure potteryDying WarriorKritios Boy ‘Archaic Greece’ is used as the term for the period that bridged the Greek Dark Ages up until the second Persian invasion of Greece in 480 BCE. Thus it commenced in […]

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1.1.5.1 Macedonians (808-148 BCE)

Forward to 1.1.5.2 Greek Archaic PeriodBack to 1.1.5 Classical period – Greece, Rome… QUICK LINKS:Stag Hunt MosaicFunerary steleMacedonian soldiers frescoTomb of JudgementHades and Persephone frescoLion of AmphipolisBust of Phillip IITomb of Phillip IIPella curse tablet Banquet scene from tombGolden LamaxAlexander Mosaic at PompeiiBust of AlexanderDionysius riding a cheetahBabylonian astronomical diaryAlexander fighting lion Macedonians were essentially […]

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1.1.4.9 Aegean: Mycenaean Art (1,650-1,100 BCE)

Forward to 1.1.5 Classical Period – Greece, Rome…Back to 1.1.4.8 Aegean: Cycladic Art QUICK LINKS:Dagger blade, lion huntGold cup from Grave IV/VGold Agamenon MaskMycenaean jugMycenaean vase, bulls and birds Mycenean octopus broochVapheio CupGold kantharosTerracotta chariot krater Mycenae is located in Peloponnese Greece on a peninsu, the only known monumental sculpture of Bronze Age Greecela south […]

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1.1.4.8 Aegean: Cycladic Art (2,800-1,100 BCE)

Forward to 1.1.4.9 Aegean: Mycenean ArtBack to 1.1.4.7 Aegean: Minoan Art QUICK LINKS:Spedos type figurinesSeated harpist figurineFemale figurine, Kapsala type Female figurine, Dokathismata typeFemale figurine, Chalandriani typeAkrotiri friezes The Cyclades is an Aegean island group to the south-east of mainland Greece. Its name describes the islands as being around (cyclic) the sacred island of Delos. […]

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1.1.4.7 Aegean: Minoan Art (3,000-1,100 BCE)

Forward to 1.1.4.8 Aegean: Cycladic ArtBack to 1.1.4.6 Egypt – Ptolemaic QUICK LINKS:Palace of KnossosPhaistos DiscBull leaping fresco, Knossos Wall painting of a shrine, KnossosOctopus design vaseHarvest Rhyton Aegean Art was the art and sculpture created in the lands and islands, surrounding and in, the Aegean Sea during the Bronze Age. It runs up until […]

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1.1.4.6 Egypt Ptolemaic (305-30 BCE)

Forward to 1.1.4.7 Aegean: Minoan ArtBack to 1.1.4.5 Egypt – new kingdom QUICK LINKS:LATE PERIOD:Saite Pharaoh headFigure of PataikosHorus as a childUshabti figuresAmulet of NefertemBrooklyn Papyrus FIRST ACHAEMENID PERIOD:Egyptian Dignitary 27th DynastyDarius IHakor SphinxAvenue of Sphinxes, KarnakWesirwer priest 30th DynastyHorus and Nectanebo IICippus of Horus steleArtaxerxes III PTOLEMAIC PERIOD:Alexander the Great bustPtolemy 1 bustPtolemy II […]

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1.1.4.5 Egypt new kingdom (1,549-1,077 BCE)

Forward to 1.1.4.6 Egypt – Ptolemaic periodBack to 1.1.4.4 Egypt – middle kingdom QUICK LINKS:EIGHTEENTH DYNASTY:Axe of Ahmose IAmenhotep I statueFestival Temple of Thutmose IIIKarnak SphinxesHatshepsut Kneeling Statue/ JarTemple of Hatshepsut, ThebesUshabti of Akhenaten II18th Dynasty EntertainmentsHead of Amenhotep III and JarColossal statue of Amenhotep IIIColossi of MemnonAkhenaten ‘elongated’ statueNefertiti BustAmarna talatatAkhenaten, Nefertiti and daughters/ […]

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